1,6-Hexandiol’s long hydrocarbon chain gives the compound the ability to improve the flexibility and hardness of polyesters. It is also used as a chain extender in polyurethanes. The resulting modified polyurethane has high resistance to hydrolysis as well as mechanical strength, but with a low glass transition temperature.

Additionally, 1,6-Hexandiol is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of acrylics, adhesives, and dyestuffs. Styrene, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, and unsaturated polyester resins have also been made from 1,6-hexanediol.